2026-10-19

Does the El Alamein Declaration’s Claim of Exclusive Red Sea Governance Hold Under International Law?

A detailed analysis by Surafel Tesfaye on the El Alamein Declaration’s assertion of exclusive Red Sea governance and how it fails under UNCLOS Article 123(d), which requires littoral states to invite interested states – including Ethiopia – to cooperate. It explores the Declaration’s contradiction between inclusive Nile governance and exclusive maritime control, concluding that Ethiopia has a lawful right to participate and the legal means to enforce it.

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