The Sudan Constituent Alliance, in collaboration with the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) and allied political and military factions, officially signed the Nairobi Transitional Constitution of the Republic of Sudan for the Year 2025. This document establishes a parallel government in opposition to the Port Sudan-based administration, marking a significant escalation in Sudan’s ongoing political and military crisis.

Key Provisions of the Nairobi Transitional Constitution

1. Overhaul of Sudan’s Governance Structure

The new constitution nullifies the 2019 Transitional Constitutional Document and all prior laws, decisions, and decrees. It establishes Sudan as a secular, democratic, and decentralized state, emphasizing:

– Separation of religion from the state.

– Removal of ethnic, cultural, and regional identities from governance.

– Equal citizenship as the basis for rights and duties.

– Sudan’s governance will be based on voluntary unity, ensuring respect for ethnic, religious, and cultural diversity.

2. Phased Transitional Period

The transition will occur in two stages:

A. Pre-Transitional Founding Period – Begins upon the constitution’s enactment and lasts until an official declaration of the end of wars.

B. Transitional Founding Period – Commences immediately after the end of conflicts and extends for ten years.

3. Decentralization and Regional Restructuring

The constitution introduces a three-tiered government system:

– Federal Government

– Regional Governments

– Local Governments

Sudan is reorganized into eight regions, with each granted the authority to adopt its own constitution:

– Khartoum Region

– Eastern Region (Red Sea, Kassala, Gadarif)

– Northern Region

– Darfur Region (all five Darfur states)

– Central Region (Nile River, White Nile, Al-Jazirah, Sennar)

– Kordofan Region (North and West Kordofan)

– South Kordofan/Nuba Mountains Region

– New Funj Region (formerly Blue Nile State)

4. Legislative and Executive Framework

The Constituent Legislative Body comprises:

– Council of Regions (24 members)

– House of Representatives (177 members, with 40% women’s representation)

– The Presidential Council (15 members) acts as Sudan’s sovereign authority, including regional governors as representatives. It holds powers such as:

– Appointing the Prime Minister and key judicial officials

– Declaring a state of emergency

–  Approving foreign ambassadors and war declarations

– A transitional Council of Ministers (maximum 16 ministers) will be appointed based on merit, rather than political party quotas.

5. Security and Military Reforms

– A new national army will be formed, composed of:

– Rapid Support Forces (RSF)

– Sudan People’s Liberation Army

Armed struggle movements under the Sudan Founding Charter

The constitution dissolves all militias associated with the National Congress Party (NCP) and the Islamic Movement. It also mandates the establishment of:

– A professional police force, reflecting Sudan’s diverse regions.

– An independent intelligence service, focused solely on national security.

– Implications and Next Steps

This development intensifies Sudan’s political fragmentation, challenging the legitimacy of the Port Sudan-based government. The RSF’s dominant role in this parallel administration solidifies its control over vast territories. The 10-year transitional plan indicates a long-term vision for reshaping Sudan’s governance.

The response of regional and international actors will be crucial in determining whether this parallel government gains recognition or faces diplomatic and economic isolation.

This move marks a pivotal moment in Sudan’s ongoing conflict, with long-term consequences for the country’s stability and governance.